RNA uptake 

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To successfully implement RNA-based applications in agriculture, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the uptake of exogenous RNAs in plants is crucial. Our research aims to identify the factors that enable or prevent the uptake and transport of RNAs in crop plants. This knowledge forms the basis for the targeted optimization of RNA sprays for different plant species and pathosystems. 

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In co-operation with leading research institutes, we are investigating the differences between plant species that respond to RNA sprays and those that do not. We analyze characteristics such as stomatal density, -architecure and -distribution using modern imaging techniques. At the same time, we are testing the stability and degradation properties of RNAs in apoplastic fluid and developing new formulation approaches in collaboration with chemists. 

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In addition, we are investigating pathogen-specific uptake mechanisms, particularly in neurotrophic fungi such as *Fusarium graminearum*. So far our results show that these fungi are able to efficiently take up unprocessed dsRNAs and degrade target transcripts via their RNAi machinery. These findings will help to optimize RNA sprays specifically for pathogens and increase their efficiency. 

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RNA stability 

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The stability of exogenous RNAs is a key criteria for their systemic distribution and efficacy in plants. Using a combination of molecular, biochemical and imaging approaches, we have shown that exogenous RNAs are transported into barley via the phloem and xylem. Using stylectomy and sequencing techniques, we identify factors that influence the stability of RNAs during dispersal. 

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Another focus is the analysis of processing patterns of dsRNA by plant Dicer proteins. This enables the design of specific and stable RNA sequences for biopesticides. We are also investigating RNA-binding proteins that could increase the stability of RNAs in order to improve the duration of action and range of RNA sprays. Our research results are directly incorporated into the development of innovative strategies for the efficient and sustainable use of exogenous RNAs in practice. 

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